Friedrich Max Mueller, philologist and scholar, would have turned 200 in December 2023. A German scholar, philologist, orientalist and Indologist, he significantly transformed the disciplines of science of religions and comparative study of languages. The import of his legacy, however, endures through his extensive work of translating Indian languages and scriptures, which consequently shaped global perceptions of Indian culture. As namesake of the Goethe-Instituts in India, his bicentennial serves as an occasion not just to remember but to revisit his renown, while critically engaging with the complexity of his contributions. This dossier goes beyond tribute to delve into Max Mueller’s historical role, influence and relevance within contemporary India.