Even as the conversation around gender-based violence has acquired some nuance and visibility in both academic and popular media, there is relatively less discussion on the parallel rise of certain aggressive forms of masculinity. This toxic masculinity is sometimes expressed as physically violent pushback, sometimes in language used to talk about women, minority sexualities, religious minorities and marginalised castes. The project will explore the different strands of discursive - and material - masculinity that limit and at times overtake the effort to achieve a more gender-just and equitable society.