1933–1943 The Rosenstrasse Protest: A Historical Timeline

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Photo: picture alliance / POP-EYE | POP-EYE/Christian Behring

1933

Jewish immigrants and other “undesirables” lose their citizenship
Jews are dismissed from the civil service, including teachers and professors in schools and universities
Nationwide boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses
Books written by Jews are burned in cities across Germany

Bücherverbrennung — German students publicly burn a collection of “un-German” writings and books on the central boulevard “Unter den Linden” in 1933 Berlin.

1935

The Reichstag (parliament) passes the Nuremberg Race Laws, excluding German Jews from citizenship
Marriage and intimate relations between Jews and those of “Aryan” blood are declared illegal

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

1938

All Jews are required to add the names “Israel” or “Sara” to their papers. Passports are marked with the letter “J” for Jude (Jew)
Mass pogrom throughout Germany (Kristallnacht), including the burning of hundreds of synagogues and the imprisonment of thousands of Jewish men in concentration camps
Jewish retail stores are confiscated or forced to close

A passport marked with “J” for “Jew”

Photo (Detail): Fabian Börner / CC-BY-SA 3.0

1940

The Auschwitz concentration camp is established

1941

First mass deportation of Jews to camps and ghettoes in Poland and other East European occupied countries
German Jews are required to wear the yellow Star of David

Jewish star

1942

1942

1942

The Wannsee Conference is held in Berlin

Photo: picture alliance / Bildagentur-online/Joko | Bildagentur-online/Joko

1943

Arrest of thousands of Jews doing forced labor (Fabrikaktion) and Jewish spouses in mixed marriages (Rosenstraße Protest)